PROJECT REPORT OF COOL CHAMBER 10 MT
INTRODUCTION
India is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world scenario
but the availability of fruits and vegetables per capita is significantly low
because of Post Harvest loses which account for about 25% to 30% of production.
Further, the quality of sizeable quantity of produces also deteriorates the
moment it reaches the consumer. This happens because of perishable nature of
the products. If consumption is not getting stabilized, the farmers switch over
to other crops instead of going for one crop in the subsequent year, and cycle
continues. Our farmers continue to remain poor even though they take risk to
cultivate high value fruits and vegetables year after year. Introduction of
Cold storage / Cold room facility will help them in removing the risk of
distress sale and simultaneously will ensure better returns. The annual
production of fruits and vegetables in the country accounts for 18 to 20% of
our agriculture out put. Varied agro climatic conditions and better
availability of scientific package of practices, there is a vast scope for
increasing the production. The lack of cold storage / cold room facilities is
one of the main bottlenecks in tapping the potential. The cold storages, which
are available in the States, are mostly to store single commodity like potato,
which results in poor capacity utilization. Introduction of cold storage/cold
chain facilities in the State can prove to be a boon for the horticulture
farmers.
REQUIREMENT OF COOLING SYSTEM :
In India 45 percent population depend on Agriculture.
Upliftment of those categories can improve the overall status of the State.
Comparing the developed States of our country, the economic condition of
farmers of our State is miserable. The economic condition of most of the people
is poor out of the total farmers about 47 to 48 percent of people cultivate
cabbage, beans, onion, sweet potato , Brinjal, pea etc which has a very limited
period . Similarly the fruits have also limited life after harvest. Post
Harvest cooling rapidly removes field heat, reduces respiratory - activity,
reduce internal water, wilting, slow the growth of micro organism and reduces
the production of natural ripening agent i.e. ethylene. Post Harvest cooling
also provides marketing flexibility by allowing the grower to sell produce at
the most appropriate time. Unavailability cooling and storage facilities makes
it necessary to market the produce immediately after harvest and may result un
distress sale. This can be an advantageous to growers who supply products
restaurants and grocery stores or to small growers who wait to assemble truck
load for transportation to other place. Post Harvest cooling can be an
effective tool to deliver highest qualitative produce to the consumer.
Intervention through Post Harvest cooling will help the farmers to store their
produces and market them at the opportune time.
NECESSITY OF COLD CHAIN:
The financial condition of the farmers does not permit to establish
a cold storage having capacity of 5000 MT which is meant to store 50,000
quintals of the products in the cold storage which require crores of Rupees to
establish it. The concept of cold room 3 is to store vegetables, fruits and
flowers for shorter duration for which a small and marginal farmer can store
products for shorter period and sell it without deterioration of the product.
Farmers will also get appropriate value of the product. It will reduce the
distress sale. The farmers can establish cold rooms having 10 MT capacity where
the storing of surplus quantities may vary from 100 quintals . Since the
investment of such cold room is low a farmer can easily establish a cold room
to store his surplus products..
CONCEPT OF THE POJECT
Objective of the Scheme:
(i) To establish the small capacity of cool chamber / cold room in vegetable mandi / markets or in the field of farmers growing vegetables/fruits.
(ii) To store the surplus amount of vegetables in daily market for selling the products later.
(iii) To reduce the distress sale of the vegetables in the market.
(iv) To develop the cold chain facility in the concerned area
(iv) To augment in case of farmers/small beneficiaries.
Strategy:
To fulfill the above objectives, following strategy will be adopted.
i) Most appropriate system will be provided to reduce the distress sale of vegetables.
ii) Farmers will get profit by selling the vegetables in the market in subsequent days.
iii) Capacity building of farmers and field functionaries will be taken up through training and demonstrations with active participation of refrigerated company.
iv) Information and communication technology will be deployed extensively for ensuring transparency in the implementation process and effective monitoring of the scheme.
Capacity
utilization
The capacity
utilization in cold storage for fruits and vegetables is generally about 70%
which is due to short storage life of the produce and availability of produce
for storage throughout the year. Generally cold storage operates for 300 days
in a year. The cold storage space of the proposed project shall be primarily
used for storing fruits and vegetables for short duration storage of around 1-4
weeks. Such cold storage facility would enable them for bargain for a better
price of their produce at the bi-weekly /weekly wholesale markets.
INCOME:
Income can be
generated from cold rooms in the manner as follows:
(A ) Income of the project shall be by the way of rent paid by
hirers of cold storage space on a daily charge basis. It is proposed that space
rent shall be Rs.0.30 p per Kg per day.
(b) Income of the project shall be by way of procurement and trading
of vegetables and fruits.
(c) Income of the project can be made by both the above way i.e. by
way of 50% by own trading and 50% by rent basis.
Loading & Unloading:
Loading of commodities in the cold chamber and subsequent unloading
from cold chambers shall be by contract labourers, the charges for which will
be realized from the hirers of space.
Salary & wages:
One operator can operate the cold room who can be paid an amount of
Rs.5,000/- per month.
Chamber size:
Size of the chamber will be of 14’-0”x10”-0”x10-0” for 10 MT
capacity cool chambers. The storage racks shall be made of M.S. channels and
angles.
Insulation
60 mm thick PUF panel shall be provided for insulating the cold room
walls and ceiling. 80 mm EPS slab, PCC & KOTA stone will be provided for
floor insulation. For strengthening the insulation, chicken wire most will be
provided with it.
Cooling Unit:
R-22/ R 404A refrigerant will be used for the cooling unit. Room
temperature of 2 0C to 60 C will be maintained inside the chamber. The ambient
temperature will be 400 C. The total refrigerant capacity will be 30,000 BTU/hr
for 10MT capacity cool chamber
Power Supply:
Electric load will be 5.9 KW for 10 MT. Power supply will be 230
Volt/3Ph/50 HZ.
Electrical Work:
Electrical work shall include main power distribution switch board,
feeder switches for cooling units, capacitors, power distribution cables,
electric lighting, earthling of equipment.
Stand by Generator:
Provision has to be made for
stand by Generator set to meet the power requirement during load-shedding/power
cuts. The generator shall have out starting device to start it in case of
failure of electric supply.
METHODS OF STORAGE FOR FRUITS & VEGETABLES
Refrigeration (cold store) –
The ideal environmental condition for storage of fresh fruits and
vegetables is the lowest temperature which does not cause chilling injury to
the product. Hence, temperature control in cold storage is very important. In
mechanical refrigeration, the refrigerated Gas (e.g. Ammonia, Freon etc.) takes
out the heat from the chamber/store as it expands. The expanded gas is then
compressed and the heat removed from the compressed gas by means of running
water or circulation air over the tubes containing the hot gas. The gas is
liquefied and the cycle is repeated. With such system accurate temperature
control is maintained. Specification of Cool Chamber/Cold Room The storage life
of fruits and vegetables even at low temperatures in general varies between 2
to 4 weeks excepting for a few commodities like apples, oranges, potatoes,
cabbage etc. In case of cold room Long term storage is not envisaged and
duration of storage is likely to be 1 to 4 weeks. 5
Pattern of Assistance:
a) Subsidy @ 40% of the cost with maximum limitation will be
provided under PHM of NHM.
b) The balance 60 percent
amount is to be borne by the beneficiary.
The implement agency would have the following functions:
(a) To disburse financial
assistance to the beneficiary as per the guide lines of PHM scheme.
(b) To furnish utilization certificate and monthly progress reports.
(c) To disburse financial assistance after the date of installation
of machinery.
BASIC DESIGN 10MT COLD ROOM
1. Room
dimension 14ft (L) x 10ft (B)x 10ft(H)
2.. Room
temperature + 40 C (+ 2 0 C)
3. Humidity 85 -
90% RH
4. Ambience
Temperature 430 C
5. Material to
be stored Fresh vegetables and fruits
6. Product
quantity 10 MT
7. Product
Incoming Rate 33% (3300 kg per day)
8. Product entry
Temperature 28-350 C
9. Pull down
time 24 hrs / Batch
10. Insulation
60mm PUF with 0.5mm pre painted CRCA Sheet as external finish and internal
finish
11. Floor 60mm
thick PUF slab over kota and PCC
12. Hinge door
34”x 78” – 1No.
13.
Refrigeration unit capacity 30000 Btu/hr @ 4 0C Room temperature & 43 0C
Ambient temperatures
14. No of units
15000 Btu / hr x 2 nos.
15. Refrigerant
R-22 / R404A
16 Compressor
Reciprocating 7
CALCULATION OF THE REFRIGERATING POWER
1 Capacity 10 MT
2 Cold room
temperature 4 °C (± 2 °C)
3 Outside
moisture 50 %
4 Type
Pre-fabricated room with floor
5 External Room
Dimension 14ft x 10ft x 10ft
6 Insulation
Poly-urethane foam panel (PUF)
7 Insulating
outrace 60mm thick
8 Turn over Long
storage
9 Man powers 2
nos.
10 Lighting 178
watt
11 Motor power
225 watt
12 Motor running
period 2 – 24 hrs
13 Duration 2 –
24 hrs (Lighting)
14 Product
Fruits & Vegetables
15 Process Fresh
product storage
16 Product
entering temperature 28 °C
17 Product
leaving temperature 4 °C (± 2 °C)
18 Daily
turnover 33 %
19 Processed
period 24 hrs
20 Product
quantity 10,000 kg
21 Density 181
kg/m³
22 Running
compressor 18-24 hrs
Calculation Results:
1 Ambient losses
28734 watt/24 hrs
2 Infiltration
due to use 11970 watt/24 hrs
3 Motor load
5396 watts/24 hrs
4 Product load
42363 watt/24 hrs
5 Personal load
1013 watt/24 hrs
6 Lighting load
356 watt/24 hrs
7 Refrigeration
capacity 89832 watt/24 hrs
8 Refrigeration
power for unit 5040 watt
PROFIT ANALYSIS COOL CHAIN (10MT CAPACITY)
Products storage
Capacity =100 Qtls
Option-1
If the product
stored on rented basis, the rent charge is Rs.0.40 kg / day (maximum 300 days
storage in a year) Collected revenue will be = Rs.10000 x 0.40 x 300 = Rs.12,00,000
per year
Option-2
A-
If the products stored on
rented basis as well as by own trading. Products stored on rented basis = 7 MT
Revenue will be collected Rs. 0.40 / kg / day = Rs.7000 x 0.40 x 300 = Rs.8,40,000/-
B- Products will be stored by own trading = 3 MT (8 rotation in a year) Average
profit of mixed vegetables = Rs.5 / kg Profit for 3 MT vegetable = 3000 x 5 x 8
= Rs.1,20,000/- Total profit will be A +B = Rs.8,40,000/- + Rs.1,20,000/= Rs9,60,000/-
ANALYSIS OF COST OF 10MT COLD STORAGE
1 Chamber size 10MT
2 Dimension 14’ x 10’ x 10’
3 Cost of machinery Rs.4,65,000/-
4 Civil cost192sqft @600/sqft Rs.1,15,200/-
5 Electrification, Stabiliser Rs.70,000/-
6 Insurance Rs.10,000/-
7 Cost of Generator, Accessories, Plastic crates Rs.3,90,000/-
8 Misc. Rs.3,550/-
9 Tax, Installation etc Rs.1,16,250/-
Total Rs.11.70 lakh
