RICE PRODUCTION IN INDIA

Rice production in Indian States

Rice is the world's most adaptive Agiculture crop. It can be grown in desert, slash and burn forests, 3000-meter high mountains, 3 meters below sea level and 8 feet of flood water 

 Rice is an important crop and consumed widely across the globe as a staple food. India is among the leading rice producers in the world and stand at 2nd position in the world

India is one of the world's largest producers of white rice and brown rice, accounting for 20% of all world rice production. Rice is India's pre-eminent crop, and is the staple food of the people of the eastern and southern parts of the country. Production increased from 53.6 million tons in FY 1980 to 74.6 million tons in year 1990, a 39 percent increase over the decade. By year 1992, rice production had reached 181.9 kg, second in the world only to China with its 182 kg.Since 1950 the increase has been more than 350 percent. Most of this increase was the result of an increase in yields; the number of hectares increased only 0 percent during this period. Yields increased from 1,336 kilograms per hectare in FY 1980 to 1,751 kilograms per hectare in FY 1990. The per-hectare yield increased more than 262 percent between 1950 and 1992.

The country's rice production had declined to 89.14 million tonnes in 2009-10 crop year (July–June) from record 99.18 million tonnes in the previous year due to severe drought that affected almost half of the country. India could achieve a record rice production of 100 million tonnes in 2010-11 crop year on the back of better monsoon this year. The India's rice production reached to a record high of 104.32 million tonnes in 2011-2012 crop year (July–June).

Rice is one of the chief grains of India. Moreover, this country has the largest area under rice cultivation, as it is one of the principal food crops. It is in fact the dominant crop of the country. India is one of the leading producers of this crop. Rice is the basic food crop and being a tropical plant, it flourishes comfortably in hot and humid climate. Rice is mainly grown in rain fed areas that receive heavy annual rainfall. That is why it is fundamentally a kharif crop in India. It demands temperature of around 25 degree Celsius and above and rainfall of more than 100 cm. Rice is also grown through irrigation in those areas that receives comparatively less rainfall. Rice is the staple food of eastern and southern parts of India. In 2009-10, total rice production in India amounted to 89.13 million tonnes, which was much less than production of previous year, 99.18 million tonnes.2006-07 to 2013-14 raised rice production from 93.36 million to 106.65 million tonnes.

 Rice is grown widely across the nation in more than 20 states and in an area of over 400 Lakh Hectares. Out of these states, top 10 rice producing states account for more than 80% of total rice production in India. In india around 150 varieties of rice grown.

West Bengal is the leader among all rice producing states with more than 13% contribution in India’s Rice Production. In terms of yield, Tamil Nadu stands on top with yields of more than 3,900 Kilograms per hectare.

Top 10 Largest Rice Producing States in India:

More than  53.99% (Total Production 106.6 Million Tonnes out of seven states contributes 57.5 Million Tonnes) of Rice Producues in following Seven states of India in Fy 13-14.

West Bangal—15.37 MT

UP- 14.63 MT 

Odissa- 7.61 MT 

JHARKHAND- 2.81 MT 

Chhattishgarh—6.71 MT

Bihar----- 5.50 MT 

Assam----  4.92 MT    

Rice production in MY 2016-17 is likely to be up from 104 million tons in 2015-16 to 106 million tons due to more than average rainfall and normal area coverage in Kharif as well in Rabi rice. On the Exports front, Some expects rice exports in MY 2016-17, to increase by around 3% from 2015-16 and reach 10.5 million tons due to the expectation of lifting of rice import ban from Iran and also import duty cut by Iran and Sri-Lanka, which may increase in rice export and also by strengthening of rupees support the rice export. Domestic consumption is likely to increase by 0.2% to 97.5 million tons in 2015-16 to 97.8 million tons in MY-2016-17. Ending stocks are seen falling proudly over the last two-three years and this would be a major reason for firming in price for second quarter. Also if chances of El- Niño occur as predicted by several metrological departments, impact on paddy sowing/planting or yield could be hurtful for coming years and this would remain the rice price firm for coming months.

All India milled rice production in FY-2016-17 is expected to hover between 106-106.5 million tons as per first estimate. This year there is excess rainfall in most of the paddy growing states. On the other hand paddy acreage is also supportive of higher production, as of 29 July 2016, higher paddy acreage is reported from states like, A.P, Punjab, M.P, Karnataka, and Telangana. AW expects pan India milled rice production to go up to 106.63 million tons, if rainfall is more than 5% and the production will touch 107 million tons if rainfall is above 10% or more, which will be all time high for India.

In FY 17-18 Sowing area 81.93 Lacs hectare

India’s rice stocks in the central pool as on March- 1, 2017 stood at around 31.43 million tons down by about 7.72% from around 34.06 million tons recorded during the corresponding period last year, according to data from the Food Corporation of India (FCI). India's rice stocks in the central pool are up about 7.30% from around 29.29 million tons recorded on February-01, 2016. The current rice stocks are about one million tons more than the required strategic reserve norms of around 1.25 million tons for this time of the year, according to the FCI

 The rice equivalent of paddy procurement from farmers, which began officially for the 2016-17 marketing season on October 1, has crossed 30 million tonne (mt) till date, which is 6.68% more than the purchase during corresponding period last year. States such as Punjab, Haryana and Chhattisgarh, where procurement has been completed for the season, have reported purchase by the agencies more than last year. This is mainly because of normal monsoon rains and direct transfer of the minimum support price (MSP) to bank accounts of farmers. Last year procurement exceeded its target and this year too we expect government to achieve target which would ensure sufficient rice stocks in the central pool.