The Indian seed programme largely adheres to the limited generations’ system
for seed multiplication in a phased manner. The system recognizes three
generations namely breeder, foundation and certified seeds and provides
adequate safeguards for quality assurance in the seed multiplication chain to
maintain the purity of the variety as it flows from the breeder to the farmer.
Breeder
Seed
Breeder seed is the progeny
of nucleus seed of a variety and is produced by the originating breeder or by a
sponsored breeder. Breeder seed production is the mandate of the Indian
Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and is being undertaken with the help
of;
i)
ICAR Research Institutions,
National Research Centres and All India Coordinated Research Project of
different crops;
ii)
State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) with 14 centres established in different
States;
iii)
Sponsored breeders recognized by selected State Seed Corporations, and
iv)
Non-Governmental Organizations.
ICAR also promotes sponsored breeder seed production programme through the
National Seeds Corporation (NSC) / State Farms Corporation of India (SFCI),
State Seeds Corporation (SSCs), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) etc.
There
has been a steady increase in the production of breeder seed over the years.
The indents from various seeds producing agencies are collected by the State
Departments of Agriculture and submitted to the Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation (DAC), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, which is turn
compiles the whole information crop wise and sends it to the Project
Coordinator/Project Director of the respective crops in ICAR for final
allocation of production responsibility to different SAUs/ICAR
institutions. The allocation of responsibility for production of breeder
seed is discussed in the workshop in respect of the particular crop and is made
to various centres as per the facilities and capabilities available at the
centres and the availability of nucleus seed of a particular variety. It
may be noted that indents are compiled and forwarded to ICAR at least 18 months
in advance. To make the programme systematic, and for proper evaluation of the
breeder seed production programme, monitoring terms have been constituted and
reporting proformae have been devised. The monitoring terms consist of
breeder of the variety, the concerned Project Director or his nominee,
representative ofNSC. The production of breeder seed is reviewed every
year by ICAR-DAC in the annual seed review meeting.
The actual production of breeder seed by different centres is intimated to DAC
by ICAR. On receipt of information from ICAR, the available breeder seed
is allocated to all the indenters in an equitable manner. In the case of
varieties which are relevant only to a particular State, the indents for
breeder seed are placed by the concerned Director of Agriculture with the
SAUs/ICAR institutions located in the State. The breeder seed produced is
lifted directly by the Director of Agriculture or foundation seed producing
agencies authorized by him.
Foundation
Seed
Foundation
seed is the progeny of breeder seed and is required to be produced from breeder
seed or from foundation seed which can be clearly traced to breeder seed.
The responsibility for production of foundation seed has been entrusted to the
NSC, SFCI, State Seeds Corporation, State Departments of Agriculture and
private seed producers, who have the necessary infrastructure facilities.
Foundation seed is required to meet the standards of seed certification prescribed
in the Indian Minimum Seeds Certification Standards, both at the field and
laboratory testing.
Certified
Seed
Certified
seed is the progeny of foundation seed and must meet the standards of seed
certification prescribed in the Indian Minimum Seeds Certification Standards,
1988. In case of self pollinated crops, certified seeds can also be
produced from certified seeds provided it does not go beyond three generations
from foundation seed stage-I.
The
production and distribution of quality/certified seeds is primarily the
responsibility of the State Governments. Certified seed production is
organized through State Seed Corporation, Departmental Agricultural Farms,
Cooperatives etc. The distribution of seeds is undertaken through a number of
channels i.e. departmental outlets at block and village level, cooperatives,
outlets of seed corporations, private dealers etc. The efforts of the
State Governments are being supplemented by NSC and SFCI which produce
varieties of national importance. NSC markets its seeds through its own
marketing network and also through its dealer network. SFCI markets its
seeds mainly through the State Departments of Agriculture and the State Seed
Corporations. The production of certified seed by NSC and State Seed
Corporations is mainly organized through contract growing arrangements with
progressive farmers. SFCI undertakes seed production on its own farms.
The private sector has also started to play an important role in the supply of
quality seeds of vegetables and crops like hybrid maize, sorghum, Bajra,
cotton, castor, sunflower, paddy etc.
The
requirement of certified/quality seeds is assessed by State Governments on the
basis of the area sown under different crop varieties, area covered by hybrid
and self-pollinated varieties as well as the seed replacement rate
achieved. The availability of seed is ascertained by the State
Departments of Agriculture on the basis of the production of seed in government
farms and production of seeds by State Seeds Corporations and other
agencies. The Government of India periodically assesses the requirement
and availability of seeds through detailed interaction with State Governments
and seed producing agencies in the bi-annual Zonal Seed Review Meetings and the
National Kharif and Rabi Conferences. The Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation facilitates tie-up arrangements with seed producing agencies to
ensure that the requirement of seeds is met to the maximum extent possible.
Information on Production and availability of Breeder, Foundation and Certified
seeds can be accessed from this portal.
|
Qty. In Million Tonnes
|
|||||||
|
|
X Plan period
|
XI Plan
|
|||||
|
CROP
|
2002-03
|
2003-04
|
2004-05
|
2005-06
|
2006-07
|
2007-08
|
2008-09
|
|
WHEAT
|
0.3150
|
0.3653
|
0.4783
|
0.4001
|
0.4568
|
0.6700
|
0.8768
|
|
PADDY
|
0.2921
|
0.3228
|
0.3156
|
0.367
|
0.4035
|
0.5354
|
0.6654
|
|
MAIZE
|
0.0455
|
0.1025
|
0.0815
|
0.0886
|
0.0808
|
0.0553
|
0.0740
|
|
JOWAR
|
0.0366
|
0.039
|
0.0352
|
0.0411
|
0.0348
|
0.0278
|
0.0274
|
|
BAJRA
|
0.0263
|
0.0347
|
0.0284
|
0.0349
|
0.0243
|
0.0244
|
0.0261
|
|
RAGI
|
0.0025
|
0.0027
|
0.0027
|
0.0026
|
0.0028
|
0.003
|
0.0036
|
|
BARLEY
|
0.0052
|
0.0062
|
0.0071
|
0.0054
|
0.0072
|
0.0241
|
0.0231
|
|
CEREAL TOTAL
|
0.7232
|
0.8732
|
0.9488
|
0.9397
|
1.0101
|
1.3400
|
1.6964
|
|
GRAM
|
0.0245
|
0.0258
|
0.0327
|
0.0296
|
0.057
|
0.0608
|
0.0835
|
|
LENTIL
|
0.0031
|
0.0043
|
0.0047
|
0.0041
|
0.0026
|
0.0063
|
0.0059
|
|
PEAS
|
0.0036
|
0.0062
|
0.0065
|
0.0034
|
0.0044
|
0.0115
|
0.0130
|
|
URD
|
0.0134
|
0.0165
|
0.0138
|
0.0207
|
0.0146
|
0.0179
|
0.0314
|
|
MOONG
|
0.0096
|
0.0094
|
0.0114
|
0.019
|
0.0163
|
0.0169
|
0.0248
|
|
ARHAR
|
0.0086
|
0.0086
|
0.0085
|
0.0099
|
0.0119
|
0.0167
|
0.0175
|
|
COWPEA
|
0.0012
|
0.0009
|
0.001
|
0.0011
|
0.0013
|
0.0017
|
0.0024
|
|
MOTH
|
0.0003
|
0.0002
|
0.0004
|
0.0006
|
0.0006
|
0.0006
|
0.0020
|
|
OTHERS
|
0.0003
|
0.0002
|
0.0002
|
0.0003
|
0.0013
|
0.0018
|
0.0026
|
|
PULSES
TOTAL
|
0.0646
|
0.721
|
0.0792
|
0.0887
|
0.1101
|
0.1341
|
0.1830
|
|
GROUNDNUT
|
0.0730
|
0.101
|
0.0682
|
0.1119
|
0.1114
|
0.1762
|
0.3187
|
|
RAPE/MUST.
|
0.0105
|
0.0108
|
0.0164
|
0.016
|
0.0197
|
0.0196
|
0.0207
|
|
TIL
|
0.0022
|
0.0017
|
0.0018
|
0.0023
|
0.0021
|
0.002
|
0.0028
|
|
SUNFLOWER
|
0.0107
|
0.0118
|
0.0103
|
0.0133
|
0.0102
|
0.0111
|
0.0059
|
|
SOYABEAN
|
0.0662
|
0.0952
|
0.1181
|
0.1478
|
0.1348
|
0.1691
|
0.1801
|
|
LINSEED
|
0.0001
|
0.0002
|
0.0001
|
0.0001
|
0.0002
|
0.0003
|
0.0003
|
|
CASTOR
|
0.0044
|
0.0051
|
0.0045
|
0.0056
|
0.0063
|
0.0056
|
0.0056
|
|
SAFFLOWER
|
0.0010
|
0.0012
|
0.001
|
0.0013
|
0.0008
|
0.0009
|
0.0007
|
|
NIGER/others
|
|
0
|
0.0003
|
0
|
0.0006
|
0.0002
|
0.0001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OILSEEDS
TOTAL
|
0.1681
|
0.227
|
0.2207
|
0.2983
|
0.2861
|
0.3851
|
0.5350
|
|
COTTON
|
0.0367
|
0.0307
|
0.0301
|
0.0288
|
0.0256
|
0.0261
|
0.0272
|
|
JUTE
|
0.002
|
0.0022
|
0.002
|
0.0052
|
0.0037
|
0.008
|
0.0042
|
|
MESTA/OTHER
|
0.005
|
0.0001
|
0.0001
|
0.0002
|
0.0006
|
0.0018
|
0.0047
|
|
FIBRE
TOTAL
|
0.0437
|
0.033
|
0.0322
|
0.0342
|
0.0299
|
0.0358
|
0.0361
|
|
POTATO
|
0.038
|
0.037
|
0.0397
|
0.0417
|
0.0415
|
0.0435
|
0.0430
|
|
OTHERS
|
0.002
|
0.0015
|
0.0021
|
0.0025
|
0.0041
|
0.0047
|
0.0100
|
|
GRAND
TOTAL
|
1.0396
|
1.2438
|
1.3227
|
1.4051
|
1.4818
|
1.9431
|
2.5035
|
( Source : compiled by
Seeds Division of DAC)
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